Aim
To record the normal body temperature using a clinical thermometer.
Principle
Body temperature is a measure of the balance between heat produced by the body and heat lost to the environment. A clinical thermometer works on the principle of thermal expansion of mercury (or digital sensor in digital thermometers). When placed in contact with the body, the thermometer absorbs heat and shows the body temperature on its scale.
Requirements
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Clinical thermometer (mercury or digital)
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Cotton or tissue paper
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Antiseptic solution/alcohol swab
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Clock or stopwatch
Procedure
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Wash hands thoroughly before starting the experiment.
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Clean the thermometer with an antiseptic solution.
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If using a mercury thermometer, shake it gently to bring the mercury level below 35°C (95°F).
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Place the thermometer in the axilla (armpit) or under the tongue (oral method).
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Ask the subject to keep the mouth closed (oral) or arm close to the body (axillary).
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Keep the thermometer in position for 1–2 minutes (digital) or 2–3 minutes (mercury).
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Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature.
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Record the temperature in degree Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).
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Clean the thermometer after use.
Observation
| Method Used | Temperature Recorded |
|---|---|
| Oral / Axillary | ______ °C / ______ °F |
Result
The body temperature of the subject was recorded as ______ °C (______ °F).
Normal Body Temperature
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Normal: 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F)
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Fever: Above 37.5 °C
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Hypothermia: Below 35 °C
Precautions
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Ensure the thermometer is clean before and after use.
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Do not use a broken mercury thermometer.
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Avoid hot or cold drinks before oral temperature recording.
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Handle the thermometer carefully to prevent breakage.