{"id":1601,"date":"2025-06-10T04:36:29","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T04:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/?p=1601"},"modified":"2025-06-10T05:16:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T05:16:49","slug":"to-prepare-picric-acid-from-phenol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/10\/to-prepare-picric-acid-from-phenol\/","title":{"rendered":"To Prepare picric acid from phenol"},"content":{"rendered":"

Object<\/strong> : To Prepare picric acid from phenol<\/p>\n

Reference<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Agarwal O.P., Practical Organic chemistry, published by Krishna educational publisher, Edition 2014, page no. 316<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Mann F.G. , Saunders B.C. , “practical organic chemistry, published by orient hangmen private ltd., 4th edition, page N. 173\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Requirement:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Glassware :\u00a0<\/strong>Conical Flask, Glass rod, Measuring Cylinder, Pipette<\/p>\n

    Chemicals :\u00a0<\/strong> Phenol, Con. H2SO4, Con. HNO3<\/p>\n

    Theory :\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Picric acid is 2,4,6-trinitro-phenol. It is yellow in colour. It is used as tropical anti infective and disinfectant so that used as a cleaning agent and also preservative due to presence of phenol. Picric acid is obtained by nitrating phenol.<\/p>\n

    The nitration of aromatic compounds is usually done by using conc. HNO3 in presence of conc. H2SO4. Nitration
    \nof aromatic compounds is an example of electrophillic aromatic substitution.<\/p>\n

    Nitration is usually carried out at low temperature. At high temperature there is loss of material due to oxidation by HNO3. Phenol being an activated nucleus towards electrophillic aromatic substitution, the nitration reaction occurs very easily. It undergoes nitration with HNO3 even at room temperature forming ortho & para nitrophenol which can be separated by steam distillation. Phenol when treated with conc. HNO3 in presence of conc. H2SO4 undergoes nitration at both ortho and para position to yield picric acid.<\/p>\n

    Chemical Reaction<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Procedure<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Place 4gm of phenol to conical flask and add 5ml of Con. H2SO4<\/strong><\/li>\n
    2. mix the solution properly (solution become warm)<\/li>\n
    3. heat the flask on water bath for 30 minutes.<\/li>\n
    4. After 30 minutes place the flask on Ice bath.<\/li>\n
    5. Now add 20 ml of Con. HNO3<\/strong>\u00a0 & shake it properly<\/li>\n
    6. Mixture allow to stand undisturbed until red fumes stops poring out.<\/li>\n
    7. when fumes stop, heat the flask on water bath for 1-2 hrs with occassional stirring.<\/li>\n
    8. after given time add 100 ml of cold water\u00a0 and chill the mixture.<\/li>\n
    9. filter the yellow crystals<\/li>\n
    10. wash with water to remove excess of inorganic acids.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Observation<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Yellow colored crystal are obtained<\/p>\n

      Result<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Picric acid was prepared successfully<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Object : To Prepare picric acid from phenol Reference Agarwal O.P., Practical Organic chemistry, published by Krishna educational publisher, Edition 2014, page no. 316 Mann F.G. , Saunders B.C. , “practical organic chemistry, published by orient hangmen private ltd., 4th edition, page N. 173\u00a0 Requirement:\u00a0 Glassware :\u00a0Conical Flask, Glass rod, Measuring Cylinder, Pipette Chemicals :\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_glsr_average":0,"_glsr_ranking":0,"_glsr_reviews":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1601"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1608,"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601\/revisions\/1608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medpharma12.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}